{"id":139368,"date":"2022-11-29T09:17:50","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T07:17:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lean.org.hu\/?p=139368"},"modified":"2023-01-30T16:00:03","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T14:00:03","slug":"mi-a-vsm-azaz-az-ertekfolyamat-terkepezes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lean.org.hu\/en\/eszkozok\/mi-a-vsm-azaz-az-ertekfolyamat-terkepezes\/","title":{"rendered":"Mi a VSM, azaz az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat-t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mi az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat?
Mi\u00e9rt alapvet\u0151 eszk\u00f6z az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat-t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s?
Hogyan tal\u00e1ld meg a vesztes\u00e9geket \u00e9s azok forr\u00e1s\u00e1t?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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R\u00e9szlet a Learning to See<\/a> (Learning to See) c\u00edm\u0171 k\u00f6nyvb\u0151l<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Szerz\u0151k: John Shook, Mike Rother<\/em>

A cikk elolvas\u00e1s\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges id\u0151: kb. 3 perc<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201eHa eddig ismeretlen fogalom volt az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat, e defin\u00edci\u00f3val tiszt\u00e1zhatjuk:
Az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat \u00e9rt\u00e9kteremt\u0151 \u00e9s nem \u00e9rt\u00e9kteremt\u0151 tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek \u00f6sszess\u00e9ge, amelyek jelenleg sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesek ahhoz, hogy a term\u00e9keket v\u00e9gig vezess\u00e9k a k\u00e9t n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6zhetetlen f\u0151 folyamaton: <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) termel\u00e9si, szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1si folyamat, az alapanyagt\u00f3l a fogyaszt\u00f3ig, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) tervez\u00e9si folyamat, az elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9st\u0151l a term\u00e9k, szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9ig.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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K\u00f6nyv\u00fcnk a vev\u0151 ig\u00e9nyeib\u0151l kiindulva<\/strong> tekinti \u00e1t a termel\u00e9si folyamatot, az alapanyagig visszavezetve. Ez az a folyamat, amit \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a lean termel\u00e9shez kapcsolunk \u2013 \u00e9s amivel sokaknak meggy\u0171lik a baja a lean szeml\u00e9let alkalmaz\u00e1sakor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\"Mi<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat fogalma \u00faj szeml\u00e9letet ad: a termel\u00e9st \u2013 vagy egy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s l\u00e9trej\u00f6tt\u00e9t \u2013 nemcsak k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 l\u00e9p\u00e9seiben, hanem teljes folyamat\u00e1ban l\u00e1tjuk<\/strong>, \u00edgy az eg\u00e9szet egyben fejleszthetj\u00fck<\/strong>, s nem csup\u00e1n egyes f\u00e1zisait optimaliz\u00e1ljuk. \u00c1m ha t\u00e9nyleg az eg\u00e9szr\u0151l szeretn\u00e9nk k\u00e9pet kapni, t\u00f6bb v\u00e1llalaton s m\u00e9g t\u00f6bb \u00fczemen, irod\u00e1n \u00e1t l\u00e9p\u00e9sr\u0151l l\u00e9p\u00e9sre kell k\u00f6vetn\u00fcnk az utat, amit a term\u00e9k, szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s bej\u00e1r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A teljes folyamat felt\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9se kezdetnek t\u00fal nagy falat lenne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\u00e9rt\u00e9kfolymat\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

E k\u00f6nyv az \u00fczemi termel\u00e9si folyamatokat<\/strong> mutatja be, bele\u00e9rtve a kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st a vev\u0151h\u00f6z, valamint az anyagok \u00e9s alkatr\u00e9szek besz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t. El\u0151sz\u00f6r megtervezz\u00fck a folyamat j\u00f6v\u0151\u00e1llapot\u00e1t, majd azonnal nekikezdhet\u00fcnk a terv megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak. Ez a megfelel\u0151 szint a t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s elv\u00e9gz\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s a lean szeml\u00e9let gyakorlati alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahogy n\u0151 a leanben szerzett tapasztalatunk \u00e9s ezzel a magabiztoss\u00e1gunk, kezdhet\u00fcnk kijjebb tekinteni: a gy\u00e1rb\u00f3l kiindulva, az alapanyagt\u00f3l a vev\u0151ig kirajzol\u00f3d\u00f3 teljes \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat-t\u00e9rk\u00e9p elk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9ig. Ne feledj\u00fck: a nagyv\u00e1llalatokn\u00e1l a folyamat a c\u00e9g t\u00f6bb \u00fczem\u00e9n is \u00e1tg\u00f6rgeti a term\u00e9ket, teh\u00e1t a t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9st miel\u0151bb ki kell terjeszteni<\/strong> az \u00f6sszes \u00fczemben zajl\u00f3 folyamatra!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat-t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s olyan egyszer\u0171 pap\u00edr \u00e9s ceruza alap\u00fa eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, aminek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel megismerhetj\u00fck a term\u00e9k \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat\u00e1ban v\u00e9gbemen\u0151 \u00f6sszes anyag- \u00e9s inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1raml\u00e1st<\/strong>. A m\u00f3dszer nagyon egyszer\u0171: k\u00f6vess\u00fck a term\u00e9k, vagy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak folyamat\u00e1t <\/strong>a vev\u0151t\u0151l a besz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3ig, \u00e9s \u00e1br\u00e1zoljuk vizu\u00e1lisan<\/strong> az anyag- \u00e9s inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1raml\u00e1s minden l\u00e9p\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en tegy\u00fck fel a kulcsk\u00e9rd\u00e9seket \u00e9s rajzoljuk meg az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat j\u00f6v\u0151\u00e1llapot-t\u00e9rk\u00e9p\u00e9t!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

E folyamat minduntalan megism\u00e9tl\u00e9s\u00e9vel ismerhet\u0151 meg a legegyszer\u0171bben \u2013 \u00e9s tudom\u00e1sunk szerint a legalaposabban \u2013 az \u00e9rt\u00e9kteremt\u00e9s, \u00e9s azon bel\u00fcl is kiemelt hangs\u00fallyal a vesztes\u00e9gek forr\u00e1sai<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat-t\u00e9rk\u00e9p k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek gyakorl\u00e1s\u00e1val alak\u00edthat\u00f3 ki a lean szeml\u00e9let. Ne feledj\u00fck: a t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s csak eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>, \u00e9s nem a lean transzform\u00e1ci\u00f3 l\u00e9nyege! A l\u00e9nyeg az \u00e9rt\u00e9kteremt\u0151 folyamat l\u00e9trej\u00f6tte. <\/strong>Ehhez azonban n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6zhetetlen, hogy el\u0151k\u00e9p\u00fcnk, szaksz\u00f3val: v\u00edzi\u00f3nk legyen r\u00f3la. A t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s seg\u00edt a folyamat megismer\u00e9s\u00e9ben \u00e9s az ide\u00e1lis \u2013 de legal\u00e1bb valamely fejlettebb \u2013 \u00e1llapot megfogalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"V\u00edzi\u00f3<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Nem kell most azonnal futni \u00e9s felt\u00e9rk\u00e9pezni az \u00f6sszes \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamatot! Ez az eszk\u00f6z akkor hasznos, ha az \u00fczemben haszn\u00e1ljuk, olyan \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamatok t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s\u00e9re, amelyeket azut\u00e1n meg is val\u00f3s\u00edtunk<\/strong>. Ha v\u00e1ltoztatni akarunk a folyamaton, k\u00e9sz\u00edts\u00fcnk j\u00f6v\u0151\u00e1llapot-t\u00e9rk\u00e9pet!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00daj termel\u00e9si folyamat tervez\u00e9s\u00e9ben vagy \u00faj gy\u00e1rt\u00e1s\u00fctemez\u00e9si rendszer bevezet\u00e9sekor j\u00f3, ha elk\u00e9pzelj\u00fck a c\u00e9lt, \u00e9s j\u00f6v\u0151\u00e1llapot-t\u00e9rk\u00e9pet rajzolunk<\/strong>; ha le akarjuk v\u00e1ltani a termel\u00e9si vezet\u0151ket, a j\u00f6v\u0151\u00e1llapot-t\u00e9rk\u00e9p seg\u00edt a hat\u00e9kony v\u00e1lt\u00e1sban \u00e9s a folyamatoss\u00e1g fenntart\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Anyag- \u00e9s inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1raml\u00e1s<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A termel\u00e9si folyamat eml\u00edt\u00e9sekor el\u0151sz\u00f6r \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban az \u00fczemszint\u0171 anyag\u00e1raml\u00e1sra gondolunk. De l\u00e9tezik egy m\u00e1sik folyamat is: az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1raml\u00e1s<\/strong>. Ez ad utas\u00edt\u00e1st az egyes folyamatl\u00e9p\u00e9seknek a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 teend\u0151j\u00fckr\u0151l.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"termel\u00e9si<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Az anyag\u00e1raml\u00e1s \u00e9s az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1raml\u00e1s ugyanannak az \u00e9remnek a k\u00e9t oldala, ez\u00e9rt mindkett\u0151t fel kell t\u00e9rk\u00e9pezni<\/strong>. A lean rendszerekben egyforma figyelmet<\/strong> szentelnek az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s az anyag \u00e1raml\u00e1s\u00e1nak. Lehet, hogy a Toyot\u00e1n\u00e1l \u00e9s besz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3in\u00e1l is m\u00e1s t\u00f6megtermel\u0151kkel azonos megmunk\u00e1l\u00f3 m\u0171veleteket (pl. pr\u00e9sel\u00e9s, hegeszt\u00e9s, \u00f6sszeszerel\u00e9s) v\u00e9geznek, de a Toyota \u00fczemeiben a t\u00f6bbi t\u00f6megtermel\u0151k\u00e9t\u0151l mer\u0151ben elt\u00e9r\u0151<\/strong> termel\u00e9sir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s m\u0171k\u00f6dik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egy fontos k\u00e9rd\u00e9st <\/strong>kell feltenn\u00fcnk magunknak: Hogyan kell az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t \u00e1ramoltatni ahhoz, hogy a m\u0171velet csak azt \u00e9s akkor k\u00e9sz\u00edtse el, ami \u00e9s amikor a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 m\u0171velethez kell?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egyetlen term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1d kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Miel\u0151tt nekifogunk, fontos meg\u00e9rten\u00fcnk, hogy egyetlen term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1dra<\/strong> kell koncentr\u00e1lnunk Az \u00fcgyfeleink nem foglalkoznak minden term\u00e9k\u00fcnkkel, csak egy bizonyos cikk \u00e9rdekli \u0151ket. Ez\u00e9rt nem kell mindent felt\u00e9rk\u00e9pezni, ami \u00e1tmegy az \u00fczemen. Hacsak nem egyetlen term\u00e9ket gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 kis\u00fczem\u00fcnk van, minden m\u00e1s esetben t\u00fal bonyolult feladat az \u00f6sszes termel\u00e9si folyamat t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat-t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s sor\u00e1n v\u00e9gig k\u00f6vetj\u00fck<\/strong> az \u00fczemen bel\u00fcl a kiv\u00e1lasztott term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1d el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat\u00e1nak minden egyes l\u00e9p\u00e9s\u00e9t<\/strong> (anyag- \u00e9s inform\u00e1ci\u00f3\u00e1raml\u00e1st egyar\u00e1nt), \u00e9s ezt rajzoljuk fel a t\u00e9rk\u00e9pen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1d kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sakor a vev\u0151 szemsz\u00f6g\u00e9be<\/strong> kell belehelyezkedn\u00fcnk. A term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1d olyan term\u00e9kek csoportja, amelyeket hasonl\u00f3 m\u0171veletekkel \u00e9s azonos berendez\u00e9sekkel \u00e1ll\u00edtanak el\u0151. Ennek ellen\u00e9re nem szerencs\u00e9s, ha a termel\u00e9si m\u0171veletek megfigyel\u00e9s\u00e9vel akarjuk megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztetni a term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1dokat, hiszen egy-egy m\u0171velet t\u00f6bb term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1d el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban is azonos lehet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A kiv\u00e1lasztott term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1dot adatszer\u0171 pontoss\u00e1ggal<\/strong> kell meghat\u00e1roznunk: mennyi k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 cikksz\u00e1m\u00fa k\u00e9szterm\u00e9k tartozik a csal\u00e1dba, milyen gyakran \u00e9s mekkora mennyis\u00e9get rendel bel\u0151le a fogyaszt\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha nagyon bonyolult a term\u00e9kpalett\u00e1nk, szerkessz\u00fcnk m\u00e1trixot<\/strong>, amelynek egyik tengely\u00e9t a szerel\u00e9si l\u00e9p\u00e9sek \u00e9s berendez\u00e9sek, a m\u00e1sikat a term\u00e9kek adj\u00e1k.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1d<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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K\u00f6nyvaj\u00e1nl\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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R\u00f6videbb \u00e1tfut\u00e1si id\u0151t szeretn\u00e9l el\u00e9rni?
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Szeretn\u00e9d alacsonyabb k\u00f6lts\u00e9gen m\u0171k\u00f6dtetni a folyamatokat?
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e9lodul t\u0171zted ki a vesztes\u00e9gforr\u00e1sok megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9s\u00e9t?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Tanulj<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9rt\u00e9kfolyamat-t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9snek nevezett m\u00f3dszer<\/em> kiv\u00e9telesen hat\u00e9kony eszk\u00f6z lehet a fenti c\u00e9lok megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sban. A m\u00f3dszer elsaj\u00e1t\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak leghat\u00e9konyabb eszk\u00f6ze pedig Learning to See<\/em><\/strong> c\u00edm\u0171 k\u00f6nyv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rendeld meg most!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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